Define+the+multimedia+principle+and+the+contiguity+principle.

Define the multimedia principle and the contiguity principle.

[|The] way that you integrate multimedia with YouTube is exceptionally interesting and informative. It makes this wiki and instrument of learning that you will be able to glean from for new ideas in the years to come.- Mike Flynn, LT A.

[|12 Principles of Multimedia Learning]

[|A brief summary of multimedia learning theory.]

Clark & Mayer (2011) states, “Multimedia presentations can encourage learners to engage in active learning by mentally representing the material in words and in pictures and by mentally making connections between the pictorial and verbal representations.” This is the heart of the multimedia principle. Adding graphics to the words in a presentation allows the viewer to learn more. Using congruent illustrations along with the instructional message will improve learning for adults. The multimedia principle engages the students and allows them to be active learners. The students can integrate their cognitive processes with existing knowledge.
 * __ Multimedia Principle: __**



While graphics can boost learning, it is also important to choose appropriate pictures, illustrations, and videos that are congruent with the text and with the learning goal. Graphics that are irrelevant or gratuitous will depress learning.


 * __ Contiguity Principle: __** The contiguity principle involves placing text near graphics. When words and graphics are placed contiguously, the learner can focus on what he or she needs to learn. One important thing to remember is that printed words should be placed near corresponding graphics. Words such as feedback, questions, and responses should appear on the same screen. If directions are needed they should be placed close to the graphic. If the viewer needs to scroll or search for them this will violate the Continguity Principle. When spoken words are used,, it is important to align them together with the graphics. Otherwise, the learner will have a hrad time connecting with and retaining this new information. "Alligning spoken words and graphics is especially crucial when the words are used to describe actions that are shown through the visuals on the screen" (Clark and Mayer, 2011).

Reference:Clark, R. C., & Mayer, R. E. (2011). E-Learning and the science of instruction: Prove n guidelines for consumer and designer of multimedia learning (3rd ed.) San Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer.

Multimedia Principle:
The multimedia principle is defined as a the use of graphics to put more emphasis on words. The saying a picture is worth a thousand words is a good way to describe how the multimedia principle works. Using words and pictures can help enhance the learner's understanding of the materials being presented. (Clark and Mayer, 2003).

Below is a presentation of the multimedia principle from [|slideshare]. media type="custom" key="23009512"

Contiguity Principle:
The contiguity principle synchronizes the text or spoken words to the graphics, relating two experiences with each other basic cognitive theory.

The [|youtube video] below illustrates the effectiveness of synchronizing text, the spoken word, and graphics to form a powerful learning experience.

media type="youtube" key="eOb9Bs86dMU

Reference: